Independence Day (Pakistan)
| Independence Day of Pakistan | |
|---|---|
 The flag of Pakistan hoisted at the mount of thePakistan Monument in Islamabad. | |
| Official name | Independence Day of Pakistan |
| Also called | Youm-e-Azaadi |
| Observed by |  Pakistan |
| Type | National holiday |
| Date | 14 August |
| Celebrations | Flag hoisting, parades, award ceremonies, singing patriotic songs and the national anthem,speeches by the Prime Ministerand President, entertainment and cultural programs |
The Independence Day of Pakistan (Urdu: یوم آزادی; translated as Youm-e-Azadi), celebrated on 14 August, is a national holiday commemorating the day on which Pakistan came into existence, the British rule ended and Pakistan was declared a sovereign nation. Pakistan came into existence following the Pakistan movement which aimed for creation of an independent Muslim state by partition of the north-western region of the Indian subcontinent and was led by All-India Muslim League under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The event occurred with the partition of India wherein the British Indian Empire was divided into two new nations — Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan which were later transformed into "Republic of India" and "Islamic Republic of Pakistan" respectively.
The day is one of the national holidays in Pakistan. As August begins, various shops start selling merchandises related to the Independence. On 14 August, the flag hoisting event takes place at numerous places including Islamabad, where the President andPrime Minister hoist the national flag at the Presidential and the Parliament building, which is followed by playing the national anthemand live televised speeches by leaders nationally. All across the Pakistan, the day is celebrated by flag-hoisting ceremonies, parades, cultural events, award ceremonies. Patriotic songs are played on radio, television, and at various public places. People place the national flag on their houses, vehicles and other personal property to show their affection towards their country.
History
Pakistan was historically a part of the British Indian Empire. The East India Company begun their trade in the 17th century, and thecompany rule started from 1757 when the Company won the Battle of Plassey. Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the British Crown assuming direct control over India. The idea for a separate religious based state had first been introduced by Allama Iqbal in his speech as the President of the Muslim League in December 1930.[1] Three years later, the name "Pakistan" as the name of a separate state was proposed in a declaration made by Choudhary Rahmat Ali, a University of Cambridge graduate in 1933. Like Iqbal, Bengal was left out of the proposal made by Choudhary.
Partition
In 1946, the Labour government was exhausted by recent events such as the World War II, numerous riots, reliability of the native forces for continuing their control over an increasingly rebellious India[3]:167:203[4][5][6] thus decided to end British rule of India. The Muslim majorities agreed to the idea of Pakistan, as a response to Congress's demand for a single state in the year 1946.[7]:203 The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Clement Attlee announced that the British government would grant full self-governance to British India by June 1948 at the latest, in February 1947.[8]
It was announced on 3 June 1947 by the British government that the principle of partition of India was accepted by the British government.[8] The successor governments would be given dominion status and would have an implicit right to secede from the British Commonwealth. Viceroy Mountbatten chose 14 August as the date of power transfer to Pakistan and 15 August in India because he wanted to attend ceremonies both in India and Pakistan.[9][10] The Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo 6 c. 30) was an Act passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent dominions; India and Pakistan.[11][12][13] Later, the Act received the royal assent on 18 July 1947.[8] Everyone rejoiced due to independence, but the atmosphere remained heated as riots followed the partition of India into two states.[3]
The Indian Independence Act's salient provisions were:[11]
- the division of British India into the two, fully sovereign dominions of India and Pakistan, with effect from 15 August 1947;
- the partition of the provinces of Bengal and Punjab between the two new countries;
- the establishment of the office of Governor-General in each of the two new countries, as representative of the Crown;
- the conferral of complete legislative authority upon the respective Constituent Assemblies of the two new countries;
- the provision for the division of joint property between the two new countries, including the division of the armed forces.
On 14 August 1947, the new Dominion of Pakistan came into being; Muhammad Ali Jinnah was sworn in as its first Governor General in Karachi.
| " | At this solemn hour in the history of India, when British and Indian statesmen are laying the foundations of a Federal Constitution for that land, we address this appeal to you, in the name of our common heritage, on behalf of our thirty million Muslim brethren who live in Pakistan – by which we mean the five Northern units of India, Viz: Punjab, North-West Frontier Province (Afghan Province), Kashmir, Sind and Baluchistan – for your sympathy and support in our grim and fateful struggle against political crucifixion and complete annihilation. |
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