Diabetes drug costing just 2p could beat prostate cancer by shrinking tumours
A diabetes drug costing as little as 2p a tablet could offer a major breakthrough in
the treatment of prostate cancer.
Research has shown that the medicine, called metformin, causes tumours
to shrink by slowing the rate at which cancerous cells grow.
If the results are confirmed in bigger trials, it raises the possibility that men
could be given the cheap, readily available drug as soon as they are diagnosed.
Hope for the future: Diabetes drug metformin, which costs as little as 2p
a tablet, could offer a major breakthrough in the treatment of prostate cancer
Nearly 40,000 cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed every year in the UK and
10,000 men die from it – the equivalent of more than one an hour.
The risks of developing a tumour increase with age, and there is a strong
genetic element to the disease.
Metformin is widely used on the NHS to treat patients with type 2 diabetes.
But recent studies highlighting the drug's effects against a variety of tumours
have generated considerable excitement among cancer researchers looking for
powerful new treatments.
Last year, scientists discovered it could slash the risk of ovarian cancer
by around 40 per cent.
And Cancer Research UK is currently funding a major five-year study,
involving early 5,000 British women with breast cancer, to see if the
drug will stop the disease returning and boost survival rates.
Other research teams around the world are investigating metformin's
powers against skin, lung and pancreatic cancer, with promising early results.
In the latest breakthrough, doctors at the Princess Margaret Hospital in
Toronto, Canada, tested the drug on 22 men after they noticed that it
stunted prostate cancer cell growth in laboratory experiments.
All of the men had been diagnosed with tumours and were due to
undergo surgery to have their prostates removed.
For six weeks before their operation, each one took 500mg of metformin
three times a day, during which time researchers measured the rate at
which the tumour cells multiplied.
The results, presented at the recent American Association for
Cancer Research annual meeting in Chicago, showed malignant cells
grew at a significantly slower rate once the men were put on the drug,
suggesting metformin might be able to keep tumours under control.
The findings support a 2009 study which found that men taking
metformin every day to control their diabetes were up to 44 per cent
less likely to develop prostate cancer.
Dr Anthony Joshua, a cancer specialist who carried out the latest study,
said: 'We compared what the prostate cancer looked like when it
was first diagnosed to what it looked like when it was removed.
'And although these are preliminary results, it appeared to reduce
the growth rate of prostate cancer in a proportion of men.'
Metformin works by reducing the amount of glucose produced by
the liver and helping cells mop up sugar that is circulating in the
bloodstream, preventing damage from excessive blood sugar levels.
At about £30 per patient per year – or just 6p to 8p a day –
it could be a highly cost-effective way to tackle prostate tumours.
Eleanor Barrie, Cancer Research UK's senior science information officer, said:
'Larger trials will tell us more in the next few years.'
...AND SPINACH 'WILL HELP PROTECT YOUR LIVER'
Scientists have revealed a new secret weapon in the battle against
liver cancer: spinach.
Munching on Popeye's favourite snack can slash the likelihood of
developing the disease, which is the third most common cause of cancer
deaths in the world.
Boffins claim high levels of Vitamin E in the leafy green vegetable help
stave off the illness, along with other foods including nuts,
sunflower seeds, avocados and dried apricots.
Eat yer greens: Popeye's favourite food can protect your liver from cancer
The vitamin has long been associated with a reduced risk of cancer
although results from studies have proved inconsistent.
Now new research published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute
claims a high consumption of Vitamin E through diet or supplements DOES affect risk levels.
Wei Zhang of the Shanghai Cancer Institute worked with colleagues to
analyse results of the dietary habits of 132,837 people in Shanghai.
They found that those who had a high intake of the vitamin had a lower
risk of developing the disease when compared to those who had a low intake.
'In summary, in these two population-based cohort studies of 132,837
women and men, we found that high intake of vitamin E either from
diet or supplements was related to lower risk of liver cancer in middle-aged
or older people from China,' the authors of the study wrote.
'If confirmed, these findings could open a new venue for prevention of
liver cancer, the third most common cause of death worldwide.'
In the study, researchers analysed data from 132,837 people in China
who were enrolled in the Shanghai Women's Health Study and
the Shanghai Men's Health Study.
The participants had enrolled in their programmes - jointly conducted
by the Shanghai Cancer Institute and Vanderbilt University - between 1997 and 2006.
They completed questionnaires and underwent in-person interviews
so researchers could meticulously detail their dietary habits.
Researchers compared the liver cancer risk of participants who had
a high intake of Vitamin E with those who did not.
Of the patients, 118 woman and 149 men were diagnosed with liver
cancer between two and 11 years after starting the study.
Taking vitamin E in supplements and also dietary form were both
associated with a lower risk of the cancer - and was consistent in
those who had a family history of liver cancer.
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